Sunday, 30 September 2012

Recommendation for Accounting Information System Mini Blogging Project



Recommendation for Accounting Infomation System Mini Blogging Project



I think this kind of activity is good and should be continue because it can teach students how to explain the syllabus in different way. The infomation also can be shared with everyone around the world. Besides, it can avoid the students become too boring with the assignments and tutorials. So i hope Accounting Infomation System Mini Blogging Project will be continue after this. Lastly, i would to thank Sir Noraffendy our beloved  and the most flexible lecturer because teach us patiently without complaining. 

THANK YOU SIR!!! 


How does UBS lessons has contributes to your area of knowledge as a DIA student?


A former UBS traders has been charged with fraud and false accounting leading to a $2bn loss

How does UBS lessons has contribute to your area of knowledge as DIA students?

1.  Develop an understanding of the accounting system’s importance in situating the organization within the relevant business environment…with some emphasis on broad-view, long-term decision-making.  This will include social systems, natural systems, economic systems, and financial systems—to get a feel for my beliefs about the place of accounting and accounting systems.

2.  Learn some basic accounting information system fundamentals relating to: accounting cycles; tools for understanding, explaining, and designing accounting systems; internal control concepts in both manual and computerized environments; and database concepts.  These fundamentals are important for understanding, developing, and working with all accounting systems, from manual to computer-based.

3.  Develop an appreciation for a variety of different models for accounting systems.  You will be working with several different mental and physical models for doing the tasks of accounting. In order to be a well-educated accounting PROFESSIONAL you must have some exposure to what is on the horizon.  This does not mean you all will be heavily involved in major changes in the profession.  Most of you won’t  It does mean, however, that to be truly professional and truly competent you must be aware of what the more future-oriented thinkers in (and out of) the profession are contemplating.


Information systems changed forever the way accounting tasks are processed. The days of green paper pads are gone, and instead businesses have a centralized place where all accounting transactions are entered and saved. No more looking for paper journals or adding up long columns--computer software does that for you, error-free. Thanks to reasonably priced hardware and software, even small businesses can benefit from computerized accounting.

Sunday, 23 September 2012

Briefly Explain TWO (2) types of threats towards Information System Security

TROJAN HORSE

Trojan Horse is full of as much trickery as the mythological Trojan Horse it was named after. The Trojan Horse, at first glance will appear to be useful software but will actually do damage once installed or run on your computer.  Those on the receiving end of a Trojan Horse are usually tricked into opening them because they appear to be receiving legitimate software or files from a legitimate source.  When a Trojan is activated on your computer, the results can vary. Some Trojans are designed to be more annoying than malicious (like changing your desktop, adding silly active desktop icons) or they can cause serious damage by deleting files and destroying information on your system. Trojans are also known to create a backdoor on your computer that gives malicious users access to your system, possibly allowing confidential or personal information to be compromised. Unlike viruses and worms, Trojans do not reproduce by infecting other files nor do they self-replicate.

WORM


A worm is similar to a virus by design and is considered to be a sub-class of a virus. Worms spread from computer to computer, but unlike a virus, it has the capability to travel without any human action. A worm takes advantage of file or information transport features on your system, which is what allows it to travel unaided.

The biggest danger with a worm is its capability to replicate itself on your system, so rather than your computer sending out a single worm, it could send out hundreds or thousands of copies of itself, creating a huge devastating effect. One example would be for a worm to send a copy of itself to everyone listed in your e-mail address book. Then, the worm replicates and sends itself out to everyone listed in each of the receiver's address book, and the manifest continues on down the line. 
Due to the copying nature of a worm and its capability to travel across networks the end result in most cases is that the worm consumes too much system memory (or network bandwidth), causing Web servers, network servers and individual computers to stop responding. In recent worm attacks such as the much-talked-about Blaster Worm, the worm has been designed to tunnel into your system and allow malicious users to control your computer remotely.

Elaborate Some Of UBS Terms as Stated Below

a)  Closing Date vs Accounting Period

Closing date is date where the business finalize its account.
Closing date in UBS system is normally a day before a new starting period
starts.

Accounting period in bookkeeping is the period with reference to which 
accounting books of any entity are prepared.
It is the period for which books are balanced and the financial statements
are prepared. Generally, the accounting period consists of 12 months. 
However the beginning of the accounting period differs according to the 
jurisdiction. For example one entity may follow the regular calendar year, 
January to December as the accounting year, while another entity may 
follow April to March as the accounting period.
Accounting period in UBS system is based on numbers. January will be ‘1’ and
February will be ‘2’.

B)  Add Entry vs Quick Entry
Both method is used to enter transaction into UBS system.
Add Entry is used to enter a transaction debit and credit manually. Both debit and credit side have to enter separately.

Quick entry is more simple compared to Add Entry method. When we are using quick entry, we only have to enter debit or credit account. There are Master Account in Quick entry. The Master account normally we choose the account that appear many times in the transaction. When we use Quick entry, if the Master Account we choose is credit account, we only need to key in d transaction for the credit side. The debit side account will be entered automatically. 

C) Edit vs V.Edit


Edit and V.Edit is used to correct the mistakes that we entered wrongly.
However, Edit can be used to correct the mistake of a single transaction by debit or credit side only.

V. Edit can be used to correct the mistake of all the transaction entered in to the system.

D) Backup vs Restore

Backup is a step to do after we have finished all the transaction. We need to have backup to avoid our data lost.

Restore is when we need to used the document again. The document can be restored if we got do the backup for the documents. 







Tuesday, 7 August 2012

BRIEFLY EXPLAIN THE TERMS AS STATED BELOW



v FIXED IP ADDRESS VS DYNAMIC IP ADDRESS
Fixed IP: Manual configuration for each and every computer. Address will not change once is assigned.
Dynamic IP: Software program that assign IP address to computer with no manual intervention computer can add and remove with no impact on network configuration.

v INTRANET VS EXTRANET
Intranet is a self-contained, in-house internet. An intranet is a computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to share information, operational systems, or computing services within an organization. The term is used in contrast to internet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organization. Sometimes, the term refers only to the organization's internal website, but may be a more extensive part of the organization's information technology infrastructure, and may be composed of multiple local area networks. The objective is to organize each individual's desktop with minimal cost, time and effort to be more productive, cost efficient, timely, and competitive.

Extranet is a computer network that allows controlled access from the outside, for specific business or educational purposes. In a business-to-business context, an extranet can be viewed as an extension of an organization's intranet that is extended to users outside the organization, usually partners, vendors, and suppliers, in isolation from all other Internet users. In contrast, business-to-consumer (B2C) models involve known servers of one or more companies, communicating with previously unknown consumer users. An extranet is similar to a DMZ in that it provides access to needed services for channel partners, without granting access to an organization's entire network.



Intranet
Extranet

An intranet is a private network, operated by a large company or other organisation, which uses internet technologies, but is insulated from the global internet.
An extranet is an intranet that is accessible to some people from outside the company, or possibly shared by more than one organization.
Intranets typically start by publishing web pages about company events, health and safety policies, and staff newsletters. Popular applications follow, such as forms to reclaim expenses or request holidays. All these help eliminate paperwork and speed up workflows.
Extranets take this process a step further, by providing access to people who work for different organizations. For example, a company could provide access to a supplier for online ordering, order tracking and inventory management. Instead of sending information to suppliers, it lets them fetch it on a self-service basis. Another example would be a hospital providing local GPs with access to a booking system so they can make appointments for their patients.
Benefit of Intranet
ü Communication with the other employees or partners with in the companies organization for the sake of sharing some resources or management
ü With the help of intranet companies can increase their production by reducing the work and saving the time
ü Cost effective and also enhance the work collaboration
Benefit of extranet
ü With the help of extranet technology companies can exchange the data at large scale
ü Important catalogs can be shared between the partners of the particular companies
ü Online banking is also one of the important advantages of the extranet




v SERVER VS CLIENT
The server is a rather passive process. It just sits there, waiting for somebody to request something from it. When a request comes in, the server fulfills it, and then goes back to waiting for more requests.

The word "server" is often used both to describe the program that handles the fulfillment of requests, and the physical machine this program runs on.

The client, or "user agent", is what a user runs to access the Web. A browser is a user agent, but there are other sorts of user agents too, like search engine indexing robots. The client makes requests from servers, and takes the resulting data and renders it in some manner which may vary greatly depending on what sort of user agent it is.



v ENCRYPTION
Encryption is the process of transforming information (referred to as plaintext) using an algorithm (called a cipher) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key. The result of the process is encrypted information (in cryptography, referred to as ciphertext). The reverse process, i.e., to make the encrypted information readable again, is referred to as decryption (i.e., to make it unencrypted)




v CONTROL VS EXPOSURE
Controls are needed to reduce exposures. Exposures consist of potential financial effect of an event multiply by an event multiplied by its probability of occurrence. Control will rarely affect the causes of exposure.
Common exposure:

    • DEFICIENT REVENUES
    • LOSS OF ASSETS'STATUTORY SANCTIONS
    • COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES
    • FRAUD AND EMBEZZLEMENT
    • INACCURATE ACCOUNTING
    • BUSINESS INTERRUPTION
    • EXCESSIVE COST

v ONE(1) TRUE CASE OF WHITE COLLAR CASE THAT HAPPENED IN MALAYSIA



A forensic audit has revealed breaches of duties and misconduct in the beleaguered energy and utilities (E&U) division of government conglomerate Sime Darby group, which last month reported a RM77 million fourth-quarter loss and RM977 million in writedowns.
In an announcement made available on the Bursa Malaysia website today, the forensic and legal consultants engaged by the group’s board of directors in May had found irregularities in the division’s four key projects, namely the Bulhanine and Maydan Mahzam project with Qatar Petroleum, the Maersk Oil Qatar project, the Bakun hydroelectric dam project and the “Marine Project”.
“The investigations have found evidence to suggest, on a prima facie basis, that there may have been breaches of duties and obligations an inappropriate conduct,” the announcement read.
The announcement also said that the board had resolved to initiate legal proceedings “where appropriate” and would lodge reports with the relevant authorities.
The nature of the proceedings and further details from the forensic report, however, would not be revealed, it said.
“The board has been advised by legal counsel to keep confidential the details of the report and nature of such proceedings so as not to adversely affect the interests of the group,” the announcement said.
The plantations-to-property giant had engaged forensic consultants on May 27 to conduct audits into its energy division’s key projects and an independent legal consultant to conduct follow-through investigations to determine whether there was any evidence of culpability.
The controversial Sime Darby shake-up hit the headlines earlier this year following the announcement that its president and group chief Datuk Seri Ahmad Zubir Murshid was asked to take leave of absence following concerns over cost overruns amounting to RM964 million from the four troubled projects.
The cost overruns were discovered by a board work group formed in October 2009 to “assess the corporate governance and performance” of Sime Darby’s energy and utilities division.
On August 26, the group turned in a net profit of RM726 million for this year but booked foreseeable losses of RM2.1 billion for its E&U division, one of the highest ever for a local conglomerate.
It also reported a fourth-quarter net loss after tax and minority interest of RM77.4 million.
Sime Darby’s 2010 earnings fell short of analyst consensus forecast of a profit of between RM1.3 billion and RM1.5 billion excluding fourth-quarter provisions.
The last time the conglomerate spilled red ink on its balance sheets was just after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, when a plunge in the stock market and a sharp depreciation of the ringgit led its financial arm, Sime Bank, to post a RM1.6 billion loss — the largest in Malaysian banking history — for the six months to December 1997. The conglomerate also went on to post a six-month loss of RM676.2 million and closed the 1998 financial year with a net loss of RM540.9 million.
Its acting chief executive, Datuk Bakke Salleh, a close ally of Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak, said after the group’s second consecutive quarterly loss was revealed that Sime Darby was now in the process of reviewing its business activities — which began when Sime Darby first came to know about the massive costs overruns incurred by its energy and utilities division.
However, he said it was “still early days” and far too soon to decide if the group will divest some non-core operations.
“We reckon it will take us a few months before we can safely make the decision as to whether we want to divest some of the companies that are in our stable, or we want to call it a day in some of the business segments we’re in.
“Once we’re in a position to make a conclusion that we should not be hanging to some of these business activities, then the appropriate decision will be made,” he had reportedly said.
He noted that provisions of RM773 million at its stricken energy division pushed the firm to a fourth-quarter net loss of RM77.35 million and did not rule out further provisions.
Revamped in 2007 after a merger with two other state-owned plantation groups, Sime Darby earns more than half of its operating income from its plantation business. Its business model has come under question, with many analysts saying a break-up would create long-term value for the group.
“We are going to look at the implementation of a new business structure, which is similar to the old Sime Darby structure of having anchor subsidiaries in each business segment.
“The concept has been endorsed by the board this morning (August 26) and we are looking to implement it as early as January 1,” he had said.

Mid-term examination is just around the corner





Mid-term exam is just around the corner. It consists of 30% of our total marks. There are several ways to do well for the mid-term. We  need to get enough sleep so that we don’t fall sick on the day of the exam, we must also get myself prepared by:-
1.   Do own notes right after finished my class & summarize it.
This way, instead of reading the thick textbook, it’ll be easier for us to understand what I have learnt so far if I just put in to my own words.


2.   Study both at home and at the campus library.
Some people tend to only study at the library but not studying at home. As for me, studying at home is also another measure to increase my memory towards my notes.

3.   Draft my own timetable to study for mid-term exam
This is one great way to organize my subjects on which to study first so that I am well prepared before the day of my paper, just in case if I have two papers in one day. Luckily, I don’t have that.

4.   Always carry my notes with me wherever I go
Whatever I do, I always carry my notes everyone. Instead of doing nothing or have non-genuine conversation with friends, it’s better for me to read my notes so that I won’t forget when it comes to the exam day.

5.   Get enough sleep and don’t rely on last minute study.
Sleep is very important. After several hours of studying, it’s recommended to let our mind rest, because if we don’t do that, there’s a probability that what we have read will not be absorbed. Studying last minute will give us hard time to memorize especially if we study only a day before our paper, or on the day itself. We should give our self at least 2 – 3 weeks of preparation.
WISH ALL OF US GOOD LUCK FOR OUR MID-TERM EXAMINATION!




Saturday, 21 July 2012

Explain about primary and support business process. Choose a business entity and give example on each of the primary and support business process.


In past Accounting Information System class, we have been assigned to do a presentation about business process of a company and we have decided to choose Nestle Malaysia.  


Basically there is 2 type of business process which is :-
·                     Primary business process
·                     Supporting business process

Primary business process
1.         Marketing
Most of Nestle Malaysia products have been widely advertise on television, radio, and newspaper. As we can see every day on television, there are Koko Krunch advertisement, Milo advertisement. Besides, Nestle have made very good marketing decision by sponsoring and join most of Ministry of Youth and Sport’s programs and events. This is one of main factor why Nestle have a strong base in Malaysia. They also place their promoters at Hot Spot Place to give out free sample to consumer.



  • Nestle Milo free sample
2.         Service

As we all know, Nestle provided many events from time to time. This is to make sure they are connected with consumer. One of the events have done by Nestle is “Parent – Child Nutrition Workshop”. This event is an opportunity to ask the nutritionists and psychologists present on any issues related to your child’s nutrition and dealing with the challenges.

  •  Activities held in Parent Child Nutrition Workshop
3.         Inbound sales logistics

Nestle Malaysia receive most of their material from their HQ in Switzerland. This because they wanted to maintain the quality of their product. The raw material received will be distributed to Nestle’s factories all over Malaysia to change the raw material into product. There are 9 Nestle’s factories in Malaysia.
·                     Petaling Jaya, Selangor
·                     Batu Tiga, Shah Alam
·                     Section 15, Shah Alam
·                     Rembau, Negeri Sembilan
·                     Rembau, Negeri Sembilan ( Nestle Ice Cream)
·                     Bukit Raja, Klang
·                     Kuching, Sarawak
·                     Kuching, Sarawak (Nestle Ice Cream)
·                     Batu Gajah, Perak

4.         Outbound sales logistic
After they finished the production, all the products will be distributed to Hypermarkets and Wholesaler. Because of having good marketing plan and high demand, Nestle products can be found at any hypermarkets, supermarkets and also at any grocery store all over Malaysia.

5.         Operation
After received the raw material from Switzerland, they transfer raw material from HQ to product at Nestle’s factories. Then after production process, all the products will be send to Nestle’s National Distributon Centre which is located at Bukit Raja Klang to be distributed to their selling agents like hypermarkets, supermarkets, wholesalers, and also grocery store.

Supporting Business Process
1. Technology Development 
-> Research and Development is a key competitive advantage for Nestlé. Without our R&D Nestlé could not have become the food industry leader in nutrition, health and wellness. Every year Nestle do their research and development to improvise the quality of their product. The Company invests more than RM6 billion annually on R&D and has undertaken constant Innovation and Renovation to ensure that its products meet the needs of consumers.The Nestlé Research Centre in Lausanne, Switzerland employs Scientists, Experts and Technical support staff serving a network of 27 R&D Centres worldwide.



  • Nestlé Research Centre in Lausanne, Switzerland
-> mobile application for iphone
providing recipes, kitchen tips and cooking guide

2.         Human Resource

Employees are the lifeblood of a business. Every employer wishes they could have the very best people for the job. Nestle has hire accountant, lawyer, admin and expertise in health and nutrition to support their business process.

3.         Purchasing and Procurement
For Nestle Malaysia, almost 90 percent of their raw material were supplied by the Nestle Switerland. So they only purchased such as packaging material to carry out entity primary activities.

4. Firm Infrastructure
Hire accoutant, lawyer and food expertise especial in health nutrition to support business process.